The principal characteristics of all these breeds is the curling of the feathers into a distinctive pattern which is basically the same in each case, namely (a) the “mantle” formed by the feathers of the back being divided by a  central parting and curling over each shoulder like a cape, (b) the “jabot” (or “craw”, or waistcoat”) formed by the breast feathers curling inwards towards the centre in the form of  a frilly shirt-front, or closed shell, and (c) the “fins” formed by bunches of feathers above the thighs curling outwards and upwards around the wings.  Differences between the breeds range from the voluminous and dense plumage of the Parisian Frill (the largest of the breeds) to the sparse and crisp feathering of theGibber Italicus (the smallest).

As a secondary characteristic all of the breeds tend to be somewhat nervous and highly strung, often with a tremulous action of the legs.  Color is of little importance and they may be clear, ticked, variegated or green.  
Except in the case of the Gibber Italicus yellows seem to be rather 
scarce, most of the stock in this country consisting of buffs.  A few 
dominant whites are also to be obtained.

 

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